Aikido and hakama
Kamishimo, kataginu, and naga-bakama
Hakama traditionally formed part of a complete outfit called a kamishimo (上下 or 裃). Worn by samurai and court men, the outfit included a formal kimono, hakama, and a sleeveless jacket with exaggerated shoulders called a kataginu (pictured above).
Instead of hakama, samurai visiting the shōgun at court were sometimes required to wear very long hakama called naga-bakama (long hakama). These resemble normal hakama in every way except their remarkable length in both the back and front, forming a train one or two feet long and impeding the ability to walk normally, thus helping to prevent a surprise attack or assassination attempt (see image here). Naga-bakama are now only worn in theatrical performances, particularly noh plays.
[edit] Karusan-bakama
Some hakama during the Sengoku period had the hems made narrower than the body in imitation of the ballooning trousers worn by the Portuguese. This style carried on into the Edo period and became called karusan-bakama. In addition to the taper, they had a secured band of cloth — looking rather like a pants cuff — sewn around each leg’s hem, so the ballooning fabric would not open out like regular hakama.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakama
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